Currently, many JAK inhibitors have achieved efficacy in many clinical settings, and more medications are currently being studied. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Thus, inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway is promising for treating various diseases. Many papers have reported the importance of this pathway in malignancies and autoimmune diseases. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway has profoundly influenced recent understanding attained of human health and disease. Although STATs can be activated by partially overlapping cytokines, different STATs have nonredundant biological effects. Tyrosine-phosphorylated STATs dimerize and are then transported into the nucleus through the nuclear membrane to regulate specific genes. JAKs are noncovalently associated with cytokine receptors, mediate tyrosine phosphorylation of receptors, and recruit one or more STAT proteins. 2 Loss or mutation of JAK/STAT components is related to many diseases in humans. 1 JAK/STAT-mediated downstream events vary and include hematopoiesis, immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis. More than 50 cytokines and growth factors have been identified in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, such as hormones, interferons (IFN), interleukins (ILs), and colony-stimulating factors. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is regarded as one of the central communication nodes in the cell function.

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